The United Nations Security Council is set to vote on a resolution that would put an end to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) by December 31, 2026. This decision follows more than four decades of UNIFIL's operations in southern Lebanon, which were primarily aimed at overseeing Israel's withdrawal from the region after its invasion in 1978.

Diplomatic sources have indicated that the United States, which had previously advocated for the termination of UNIFIL’s mandate within a year, has shown willingness to support a French draft resolution allowing for the extended timeline of 16 months. This development suggests that the resolution is likely to pass; however, it remains uncertain whether the United States will cast a vote in favor or choose to abstain.

UNIFIL's mission was expanded significantly after the 2006 conflict between Israel and the militant group Hezbollah. The proposed resolution seeks to not only end UNIFIL’s operations but also commence the withdrawal of its approximately 10,800 military and civilian personnel. The withdrawal process is expected to begin immediately in consultation with the Lebanese government and aims to be completed within one year.

The draft resolution emphasizes the goal of establishing the Lebanese government as "the sole provider of security" in southern Lebanon, specifically in areas north of the U.N.-designated Blue Line. Within this context, the resolution also calls for Israel to withdraw its military forces from regions north of the Blue Line.

For decades, UNIFIL has played a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in southern Lebanon, particularly monitoring security conditions during events such as the recent Israel-Hezbollah conflict. Nevertheless, the force has faced criticism from various stakeholders, including U.S. lawmakers, many of whom now hold significant positions in the administration of former President Donald Trump. These officials have viewed the operation as a financial burden that impedes efforts to fully eradicate Hezbollah's influence and restore security authority to the Lebanese armed forces.

Opponents of rapid withdrawal, particularly from European nations like France and Italy, contend that a hastened end to UNIFIL could create a security vacuum that Hezbollah might exploit. The concern is that the Lebanese military is not yet equipped to assume comprehensive control over the security landscape in southern Lebanon.

During the proposed one-year withdrawal period, the draft resolution stipulates that UNIFIL retains the authority to provide security assistance to U.N. personnel, maintain situational awareness around its locations, and protect civilians while facilitating humanitarian aid deliveries within the limits of its capabilities. Furthermore, it calls upon the international community to enhance support to the Lebanese armed forces through the provision of equipment, material, and financial assistance.

This resolution marks a significant moment in international diplomatic efforts regarding the stability of southern Lebanon and the broader geopolitical landscape, especially concerning the ongoing tensions with Hezbollah and the role of foreign nations in the region.